Performance, Muscle & Metabolic Peptides
This class contains compounds most associated with "beyond-natural" body composition claims — hyperplasia, myostatin inhibition, "fat-cell killing," and "exercise in a vial." They are also the class with the worst evidence-to-hype ratio and the most serious safety signals (hypoglycaemia, organomegaly, vascular bleeding, nephrotoxicity, theoretical oncogenesis). All seven are WADA-prohibited and none is FDA-approved for performance use.
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Compounds Covered (7)
IGF-1 LR3 (Long Arg³-IGF-1)
Synthetic 83-amino-acid analogue of IGF-1 with E3→R substitution and 13-aa N-terminal extension. Defeats IGF-binding proteins, creating sustained, unregulated IGF-1R signalling. No published human RCTs.
PEG-MGF (Pegylated Mechano Growth Factor)
Pegylated version of MGF (a splice variant of IGF-1). The MOST SCIENTIFICALLY CONTESTED compound in this class — the core mechanism FAILED replication in a 2014 study.
Follistatin-344 (FS-344)
Naturally occurring glycoprotein and broad-spectrum TGF-β superfamily antagonist. Sequesters myostatin and activin A. Only human data is from GENE THERAPY (n=6), not injected peptide. ~50% of grey-market products contain NO follistatin.
ACE-031 / Ramatercept (ActRIIB-Fc fusion protein)
NOT a peptide — recombinant fusion protein (ActRIIB-Fc). A soluble "decoy receptor" that sponges up myostatin/activin. DISCONTINUED after Phase 2 for vascular bleeding.
FTPP / Adipotide (Fat-Targeted Proapoptotic Peptide)
Synthetic chimeric "hunter-killer" peptide: targeting domain binds fat-tissue blood vessels, effector domain destroys them. Phase 1 TERMINATED for nephrotoxicity. No published human results.
5-Amino-1MQ (NNMT Inhibitor — NOT a peptide)
NOT A PEPTIDE — a small-molecule quinolinium NNMT inhibitor. Included because it is marketed alongside performance peptides. Zero published human trials. Cross-referenced from Class 4.
MOTS-c (Mitochondrial-Derived Exercise Mimetic)
16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide and AMPK activator. The only compound in this class with an active human trial of the native molecule. Cross-referenced from Class 4.
Comparison Notes
Best human evidence: MOTS-c (early trials) and ACE-031 (discontinued for harm). Worst: PEG-MGF (failed replication) and 5-Amino-1MQ (rodent only). Most dangerous acute: IGF-1 LR3 (hypoglycaemia) and FTPP (nephrotoxicity). ~50% of follistatin-344 vials contain no follistatin at all.
Important Notice: Educational Content Only — Not Medical Advice
- 2BWell Peptide Institute provides this course strictly for general educational and informational purposes. Nothing in this course, on this website or in any related material constitutes medical, clinical, pharmaceutical, nutritional or legal advice, and it must not be used as a substitute for consultation with a qualified healthcare professional.
- All dosing information is reported solely as it appears in published scientific literature, clinical trials and preclinical (including animal and in-vitro) research. These figures describe what researchers studied under controlled conditions. They are not dosing recommendations, prescriptions or instructions, and must not be interpreted as guidance for personal use.
- Many of the compounds discussed are investigational, are not approved by the MHRA, FDA, EMA or any other regulatory authority for human use, or are approved only for specific prescribed indications. Some may be prohibited in competitive sport. Their inclusion in this course does not constitute an endorsement, recommendation or encouragement to obtain, possess, supply or use any substance.
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